Do you find yourself asking, “How do I keep armadillos out of my yard?” The answer involves a combination of understanding their habits and implementing effective deterrents. Armadillos, with their distinctive bony armor, are often seen as a nuisance as they dig for food, creating unsightly holes and potentially damaging gardens and lawns. Fortunately, there are several straightforward methods you can employ to make your yard less appealing to these nocturnal diggers and to achieve armadillo proofing yard success.
Armadillos are primarily insectivores, meaning their diet consists mainly of insects, grubs, worms, and other invertebrates. They use their strong claws to dig into the soil in search of these tasty morsels, which is why your lawn and garden beds are prime real estate for them. They also create burrows for shelter, often under sheds, decks, or dense vegetation.
Deciphering Armadillo Behavior
To effectively prevent armadillos digging, it’s crucial to understand what draws them to your yard in the first place. Their primary motivators are food and shelter.
What Attracts Armadillos to Your Yard?
- Abundant Food Sources: Grubs, beetles, ants, termites, earthworms, and other invertebrates are a feast for armadillos. Yards with lush, moist soil that supports a healthy insect population are particularly attractive.
- Suitable Shelter: Armadillos need safe places to rest and escape predators. This includes:
- Loose soil: Ideal for digging burrows.
- Dense vegetation: Offers cover.
- Under structures: Sheds, decks, porches, and woodpiles provide ready-made shelter.
- Leaf litter and debris: Can harbor insects and offer protection.
- Moist Soil: Armadillos often prefer moist soil, as it’s easier to dig and typically hosts more insects. Overwatering your lawn or areas with poor drainage can inadvertently create an armadillo haven.
- Access: If your yard is easily accessible from neighboring properties or natural areas where armadillos are common, they are more likely to venture in.
Simple Strategies to Keep Armadillos Away
Achieving armadillo proofing yard status doesn’t require complicated procedures. A multi-pronged approach, focusing on making your yard unappealing, is most effective.
1. Eliminating Food Sources
The most effective way to deter armadillos is to remove what they come for: food.
Reducing Insect Populations
- Proper Lawn Care: Maintain a healthy lawn through regular mowing, proper watering, and fertilization. A strong, healthy lawn is less susceptible to grub infestations.
- Identify and Treat Grubs: If you notice significant grub activity (patches of brown, dead grass that can be easily lifted), consider using appropriate grub control treatments. Opt for organic or least-toxic options whenever possible.
- Control Ant and Termite Colonies: Address any ant or termite problems promptly. Armadillos will happily raid these insect nests.
- Avoid Overwatering: While some moisture is good, constantly soggy soil can encourage earthworms and other armadillo food sources. Water your lawn deeply but infrequently.
2. Modifying Their Habitat
Making your yard less inviting for shelter and digging is another key element.
Making Your Yard Less Hospitable
- Remove Debris: Clear away leaf litter, fallen branches, and general yard debris. These provide hiding places and harbor insects.
- Secure Under Structures: Seal any openings under sheds, decks, porches, and foundations. Use sturdy materials like hardware cloth or wire mesh to prevent armadillos digging under these structures. Ensure the mesh extends at least 12 inches below ground level and is secured firmly.
- Fill in Existing Burrows: If you find armadillo burrows, fill them in with soil and tamp it down. This makes them unusable and signals that the area is not a safe haven.
- Manage Water Features: While not a primary attractant, sources of water can be appealing. Ensure any standing water is addressed.
3. Implementing Armadillo Repellents
Several products and substances can act as an armadillo repellent, discouraging them from entering your yard.
Chemical and Granular Repellents
- Castor Oil: This is a common ingredient in many commercial armadillo repellent products. Castor oil is believed to irritate their digestive system if ingested, making them avoid treated areas. It can be applied directly to the lawn and garden beds according to product instructions.
- Predator Urine: The scent of natural predators like coyotes or bobcats can deter armadillos. These are available in granular or liquid form and can be spread around the perimeter of your yard.
- Commercial Repellent Sprays/Granules: Many products are specifically formulated to repel armadillos. Look for those containing castor oil or essential oils known to be unpleasant to them. Always follow application instructions carefully.
Natural Armadillo Deterrents
For those who prefer a more eco-friendly approach, several natural armadillo deterrents can be effective.
- Strong Scents: Armadillos have a sensitive sense of smell and are repelled by strong odors they find unpleasant.
- Cayenne Pepper/Chili Powder: Sprinkle liberally around garden beds and areas where armadillos are active. Reapply after rain.
- Garlic or Onion Scraps: Burying these or creating a garlic spray can deter them.
- Essential Oils: Peppermint, eucalyptus, or castor oil can be mixed with water and sprayed around the yard.
- Ground Coffee: Some anecdotal evidence suggests that used coffee grounds can deter armadillos due to their scent and texture.
- Deterring Armadillos Plants: While not a foolproof method, certain plants with strong scents or textures might help deterring armadillos plants from focusing on specific garden areas. Consider planting:
- Marigolds
- Coleus
- Mint
- Garlic
- Onions
4. Physical Barriers: Armadillo Fencing
When deterrents and habitat modification aren’t enough, physical barriers are the next step to stop armadillos burrowing.
The Effectiveness of Armadillo Fencing
Armadillo fencing is one of the most reliable ways to keep them out of specific areas, especially gardens.
- Material: Use sturdy, galvanized hardware cloth or wire mesh with openings no larger than 1 inch. Chicken wire is generally not strong enough.
- Height: The fence should be at least 12 inches tall above ground.
- Burial Depth: This is crucial! To effectively stop armadillos burrowing, the fence needs to be buried at least 6 to 12 inches into the ground. This prevents them from digging underneath.
- Inward Flange: For maximum effectiveness, bend the bottom 6 inches of the fence outward at a 90-degree angle (an “L” shape) and bury it. This creates an underground barrier that makes it harder for them to dig under.
- Securing: Ensure the fence is securely attached to posts or other supports to prevent gaps.
Best Armadillo Barriers: What to Consider
When choosing best armadillo barriers, think about durability, effectiveness, and aesthetics.
| Barrier Type | Material | Effectiveness | Installation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hardware Cloth | Galvanized steel wire mesh (1-inch holes) | High; prevents entry and is durable. Must be buried. | Requires posts and burial; can be time-consuming but very effective for specific areas. |
| Solid Fencing | Wood, vinyl, brick | High if seamless and buried; can be more aesthetically pleasing. | More expensive; burial depth is still critical. |
| Chicken Wire | Woven wire mesh | Low to moderate; can deter casual entry but armadillos can often dig under or through larger openings. | Easy to install, but less effective as a standalone solution for determined diggers. |
| Electric Fencing | Low-voltage electric wire | Moderate to high; acts as a deterrent through mild shock. | Requires proper installation and maintenance; can be a good option for larger areas. |
5. Trapping and Removal
If other methods fail, you might consider trapping, but always prioritize humane armadillo removal.
Humane Armadillo Removal Methods
- Live Traps: Use live traps designed for medium-sized animals. Bait the trap with something enticing like mealworms, grubs, or a piece of fruit.
- Placement: Place traps near active burrows or along established pathways.
- Check Frequently: It is essential to check traps regularly (at least twice a day) to ensure the captured animal is not subjected to extreme weather or stress.
- Relocation: Check your local wildlife regulations regarding trapping and relocating animals. In many areas, it is illegal to relocate wildlife, or specific permits are required. If relocation is permitted, move the armadillo several miles away to an appropriate habitat.
- Professional Assistance: If you are uncomfortable trapping or unsure about regulations, consider hiring a professional wildlife removal service that specializes in humane armadillo removal.
What About Armadillo Traps?
When using armadillo traps, remember that they are a tool for removal, not a long-term deterrent. Once an armadillo is removed, your yard may still be attractive to others.
- Types of Traps: Havahart traps are commonly used for live capture. Ensure the trap size is appropriate for an armadillo.
- Baiting: Experiment with different baits. Earthworms, canned dog food, or a combination of insects and fruit can be effective. Place the bait inside the trap and a small trail leading into it.
- Location, Location, Location: Set traps near their burrow entrances or along paths they frequently use.
- Safety: Always wear gloves when handling traps and bait, as animals can carry diseases.
6. Professional Pest Control
For severe infestations or if you’re struggling to manage the problem, professional pest control services can offer solutions. They have access to specialized knowledge and tools for armadillo proofing yard and removal.
When to Call the Professionals
- Extensive Damage: If armadillos have caused significant damage to your lawn or garden.
- Difficulty Identifying Entry Points: If you can’t find out how they are getting in or where they are burrowing.
- Unsure About Regulations: If you are unsure about the legality of trapping or relocating wildlife in your area.
- Lack of Time or Resources: If you don’t have the time or physical ability to implement deterrents and barriers.
Frequently Asked Questions About Armadillos
Q1: Can armadillos hurt my pets?
While armadillos are generally not aggressive towards pets, they can defend themselves if cornered or threatened. Their claws are sharp and can cause injury. More commonly, armadillos can carry and transmit diseases like leprosy, though this is rare and primarily a concern for humans with prolonged exposure. It’s always best to supervise pets when they are outdoors.
Q2: Do armadillos hibernate?
No, armadillos do not hibernate. They remain active year-round, though their activity may decrease during colder periods. They may seek out warmer, protected areas for shelter during winter.
Q3: What is the best time of year to try and keep armadillos away?
The best time to implement deterrence strategies is before the problem becomes severe. Early spring, when they are more active in searching for food after winter, and late summer/early fall, when they prepare for cooler weather, are good times to focus on armadillo proofing yard. Addressing any insect infestations in spring will also help prevent future problems.
Q4: Can I use a dog to deter armadillos?
Some dogs may naturally chase or bark at armadillos, which can be a deterrent. However, not all dogs will be effective, and some might even try to dig after them, potentially exacerbating the digging problem or getting injured.
Q5: Are there any sounds or vibrations that deter armadillos?
While not scientifically proven for armadillos specifically, some homeowners report success using ultrasonic pest repellers. The effectiveness of these devices can vary greatly, and armadillos may become accustomed to them over time. Stronger deterrents like armadillo fencing and habitat modification are generally more reliable.
Q6: What should I do if an armadillo is trapped under my house?
If an armadillo is trapped under a structure, the first step is to try and encourage it to leave on its own. Block off all but one exit and place a light or fan near the opening. If it doesn’t leave after a day or two, you may need to use humane armadillo removal techniques or contact a professional wildlife removal service. Ensure there are no young in the burrow before attempting to block off exits.
By implementing these strategies, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of armadillos making your yard their home. Remember, consistency is key when trying to prevent armadillos digging and keep them out.